In search of the episcopal chair. The proposals of the city council of San Luis Potosí for the erection of a bishopric, 1776-1804

Abstract

Introduction: The Spanish 18th century represented a period of profound reforms promoted by the House of Bourbon with the aim of reorganizing the government and strengthening state control. In this context, the Royal Ordinance of Intendants and ecclesiastical reforms were key measures to consolidate royal authority. Among the latter, the secularization of parishes in 1749 and the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767 stood out. Within the context of these changes, the council of San Luis Potosí sought to obtain its own episcopal see, presenting proposals to the king on different occasions between 1776 and 1814. However, the creation of the bishopric did not materialize until 1854, during the period of Mexico's independence.
Development: During the second half of the 18th century, San Luis Potosí underwent an administrative transformation with the establishment of the system of intendancies in 1787. This change increased its size and political relevance, but also generated jurisdictional conflicts between civil and ecclesiastical authorities. The town council of Potosí, perceiving the instability, tried to strengthen its autonomy by promoting the creation of a bishopric. The proposal of 1776 emphasized spiritual needs, but in reality it sought to consolidate local power through the administration of tithes. Despite attempts in 1790 and 1792, political disputes and the opposition of Bishop Fray Antonio de San Miguel prevented its approval.
Conclusions: Tensions between the Church and the Crown marked San Luis Potosí's attempts to obtain its own diocese. The process of Bourbon reforms was not totalizing, but a model of gradual change with opportunities for local actors. The Potosí town council took advantage of the political crises to promote its autonomy, but faced resistance from the ecclesiastical power and the Spanish State.